vocabulary list

week 18  1/12

week 17 1/5

week 16 12/29

week 15 12/22

week 14 12/15

week 13 12/8

week 12 12/1

week 11 11/24

week 10 11/17

week 9 11/10

week 8 11/3

week 7 10/27

week 6 10/20

week 5 10/13

week 4 10/6

week 3 9/29

week 2 9/22

week 1 9/15

week 18

Final Exam

week 17（43-46）

Hadrian's Wall

"Hadrian's Wall", also called the Roman Wall, Picts' Wall, or Vallum Hadriani in Latin, was a defensive fortification in the Roman province of Britannia, begun in 122 AD in the reign of the emperor Hadrian. It ran from the banks of the River Tyne near the North Sea to the Solway Firth on the Irish Sea, and was the northern limit of the Roman Empire, immediately north of which were the lands of the northern Ancient Britons, including the Picts.

                                    

Great Wall of China

"The Great Wall of China" is a series of fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials, generally built along an east-to-west line across the historical northern borders of China to protect the Chinese states and empires against the raids and invasions of the various nomadic groups of the Eurasian Steppe.

 Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century BC; these, later joined together and made bigger and stronger, are now collectively referred to as the Great Wall. Especially famous is the wall built 220–206 BC by Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China.

                                     

George W. Bush's Speech About 911

"Tonight, I ask for your prayers for all those who grieve, for the children whose worlds have been shattered, for all whose sense of safety and security has been threatened. And I pray they will be comforted by a Power greater than any of us, spoken through the ages in Psalm 23:

Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I fear no evil for you are with me.

This is a day when all Americans from every walk of life unite in our resolve for justice and peace. America has stood down enemies before, and we will do so this time. None of us will ever forget this day, yet we go forward to defend freedom and all that is good and just in our world.

Thank you. Good night. And God bless America."

                                     

Romanticism

Romanticism (also the Romantic era or the Romantic period) was an artistic, literary, musical and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850. Romanticism was characterized by its emphasis on emotion and individualism as well as glorification of all the past and nature, preferring the medieval rather than the classical.

                                       

Victor Hugo

Victor Marie Hugo was a French poet, novelist, and dramatist of the Romantic movement. He is considered one of the greatest and best-known French writers. Outside France, his best-known works are the novels Les Misérables, 1862, and The Hunchback of Notre-Dame (French: Notre-Dame de Paris), 1831. In France, Hugo is known primarily for his poetry collections, such as Les Contemplations (The Contemplations) and La Légende des siècles (The Legend of the Ages). He produced more than 4,000 drawings, and also campaigned for social causes such as the abolition of capital punishment.

                                              

Girl with a Pearl Earring

"Girl with a Pearl Earring" is an oil painting by 17th-century Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer. It is a tronie of a girl with a headscarf and a pearl earring. The painting has been in the collection of the Mauritshuis in The Hague since 1902.

                                     

Kingsman: The Secret Service

"Kingsman: The Secret Service" is a British-American spy action-comedy film directed by Matthew Vaughn, and based on the comic book The Secret Service, created by Dave Gibbons and Mark Millar. The screenplay was written by Vaughn and Jane Goldman. It follows the recruitment and training of a potential secret agent, Gary "Eggsy" Unwin (Taron Egerton), into a secret spy organisation. Eggsy joins a mission to tackle a global threat from Richmond Valentine (Samuel L. Jackson), a wealthy megalomaniac.

                                        

➤temp- : time 

ex:（1）temporary n. / adj. : not lasting or permanent

       ⇨Ellen has got a temporary job.

     （2）temperature n. : the measured amount of heat in a place or in the body 

       ⇨The temperature dropped abruptly. 

     （3）temporal n. / adj. : of, relating to time or situated near the temple,

       ⇨The Church has no temporal power in the modern state. 

➤ab- : something negative

  

ex:（1）abolish v. : to end an activity or custom officially

        ⇨Bad customs and laws ought to be abolished. 

     （2）abhor v. : to hate something or someone

        ⇨Most people abhor cruelty to children. 

➤op- : something negative, against

ex:（1）opprobrium n. : scorn, insult

        ⇨The coach heaped opprobrium upon the fledgling ball player.

     （2）opposite n. / adj. / adv. / prep. [ + to ] :  completely different

        ⇨His store is opposite to mine.

week 16（40-42）

My Old Kentucky Home

"My Old Kentucky Home, Good-Night!" is an anti-slavery ballad originally written by Stephen Foster, probably composed in 1852. It was published as in January 1853 by Firth, Pond, & Co. of New York. 

Foster likely composed the song after having been inspired by the narrative of popular anti-slavery novelist Harriet Beecher Stowe's "Uncle Tom's Cabin", while likely referencing imagery witnessed on his visits to the Bardstown, Kentucky farm called Federal Hill.

 In Foster's sketchbook, the song was originally entitled "Poor Uncle Tom, Good-Night!", but was altered by Foster as "My Old Kentucky Home, Good-Night!" Frederick Douglass, an abolitionist, wrote in his 1855 autobiography My Bondage and My Freedom that the song "awakens sympathies for the slave, in which antislavery principles take root, grow, and flourish".

Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair

"Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair" is a parlor song by Stephen Foster (1826–1864). It was published by Firth, Pond & Co. of New York in 1854. Foster wrote the song with his estranged wife Jane McDowell in mind. The lyrics allude to a permanent separation.

Manifest destiny

In the 19th century, manifest destiny was a widely held belief in the United States that its settlers were destined to expand across North America. There are three basic themes to manifest destiny:

     ·   The special virtues of the American people and their institutions

     ·   The mission of the United States to redeem and remake the west in the image of agrarian America

     ·   An irresistible destiny to accomplish this essential duty

Historian Frederick Merk says this concept was born out of "a sense of mission to redeem the Old World by high example ... generated by the potentialities of a new earth for building a new heaven".

                                       

No Strings Attached

"No Strings Attached " is a 2011 American romantic comedy film directed by Ivan Reitman and written by Elizabeth Meriwether. Starring Natalie Portman and Ashton Kutcher, the film is about two friends who decide to make a pact to have "no strings attached" casual sex without falling in love with each other. 

                                                       

An Affair to Remember

An Affair to Remember is a 1957 DeLuxe Color film starring Cary Grant and Deborah Kerr, directed by Leo McCarey, and filmed in CinemaScope. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. The film is considered one of the most romantic movies of all time, according to the American Film Institute. The film was a remake of McCarey's 1939 film Love Affair, starring Irene Dunne and Charles Boyer.

                                                  

Jane Eyre

"Jane Eyre" is a novel by English writer Charlotte Brontë. It was published on 16 October 1847, by Smith, Elder & Co. of London, England, under the pen name "Currer Bell." The first American edition was published the following year by Harper & Brothers of New York.

                                                 

➤e- : out

ex: （1）emeritus adj. : previously in the stated job or position

         ⇨Murphy is professor emeritus of international relations at Wellesley College.

      （2）evolution n. :  the way in which living things change and develop over millions of years

         ⇨In the course of evolution, some birds have lost the power of flight.

      （3）exile n. / v. :　to send or keep someone away from his or her own country or home

　　 ⇨He spent many years in exile.

      （4）evaporate v. :  to cause a liquid to change to a gas

         ⇨The sun soon evaporated the morning dew.

➤mor- : dead

ex:（1）morgue n. : a building, or a room in a hospital, where dead bodies are kept to be examined or until buried

        ⇨A trigger for an explosive device was reportedly found on his body at the morgue.

      （2）mortician n. : an undertaker

       ⇨The mortician will take care of all of the arrangements for the funeral.

  

➤malevolent（adj.）: causing or wanting to cause harm or evil

ex: Her stare was malevolent.

➤benevolent（adj.）: kind and helpful

ex: The old woman had a benevolent feeling towards all cats. 

week 15（37-39）

It's the Most Wonderful Time of the Year

"It's the Most Wonderful Time of the Year" is a popular Christmas song written in triple time in 1963 by Edward Pola and George Wyle. It was recorded and released that year by pop singer Andy Williams.

the twelve days of Christmas（John Denver and the Muppets）

"The Twelve Days of Christmas" is an English Christmas carol that enumerates in the manner of a cumulative song a series of increasingly grand gifts given on each of the twelve days of Christmas (the twelve days that comprise the Christmas season starting with Christmas Day). The song, published in England in 1780 without music as a chant or rhyme, is thought to be French in origin.

Auld Lang Syne

"Auld Lang Syne" is a Scots poem written by Robert Burns in 1788 and set to the tune of a traditional folk song. It is well known in many countries, especially in the English-speaking world, its traditional use being to bid farewell to the old year at the stroke of midnight. By extension, it is also sung at funerals, graduations and as a farewell or ending to other occasions.

Beowulf

Beowulf is an Old English epic poem consisting of 3182 alliterative lines. It may be the oldest surviving long poem in Old English and is commonly cited as one of the most important works of Old English literature. A date of composition is a matter of contention among scholars; the only certain dating pertains to the manuscript, which was produced between 975 and 1025. The author was an anonymous Anglo-Saxon poet, referred to by scholars as the "Beowulf poet"

                                                 

The Prince

"The Prince" is a 16th-century political treatise, by the Italian diplomat and political theorist, Niccolò Machiavelli. Although it was written as if it were a traditional work in the mirrors for princes style, it is generally agreed that it was especially innovative. This is only partly because it was written in the vernacular Italian rather than Latin, a practice which had become increasingly popular since the publication of Dante's Divine Comedy and other works of Renaissance literature.

                                              

Republic 

The Republc is a Socratic dialogue, written by Plato around 380 BCE, concerning justice, the order and character of the just city-state and the just man. It is Plato's best-known work, and has proven to be one of the world's most influential works of philosophy and political theory, both intellectually and historically.

                                                

Mt. Rushmore National Memorial

"Mount Rushmore National Memorial" is a sculpture carved into the granite face of Mount Rushmore. 

Sculpted by Gutzon Borglum and his son, Lincoln Borglum, Mount Rushmore features 60-foot (18 m) sculptures of the heads of four United States presidents: George Washington (1732–1799), Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826), Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919), and Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865). 

The entire memorial covers 1,278.45 acres (2.00 sq mi; 5.17 km²) and is 5,725 feet (1,745 m) above sea level.

                          

➤homo- : of the same

ex: （1）homogeneous adj. : same or uniform

        ⇨While they started out as individuals, they became a homogeneous group whom he could motivate as he willed.

      （2）homogeneity n. : consisting of parts or having qualities that are the same

        ⇨Like the other valley towns, this was once a fairly homogeneous Anglo community.

      （3）depression n. :  a feeling of sadness

        ⇨The trip to the seashore brought her out of her depression. 

➤de- : down, away from

ex:（1）decrepit adj. : broken out, worn out

       ⇨When released from incarceration, he was gaunt and decrepit.

     （2）demeanor n. : conduct, bearing

       ⇨His demeanor was atypical ; usually phlegmatic, he was belligerent and garrulous during the broadcast.

     （3）delineation n. : sketch, description in words

       ⇨Then he gave an incisive delineation of his fulsome opponents as an antiquated group, complacent about the noisome conditions in a moribund city.